Abstract: The extent to which cognitive biases may influence decision-making in forensic science is an important question with implications for training and practice. We conducted a systematic review of the literature on cognitive biases in forensic science disciplines. The initial literature search including electronic searching of three databases (two social science, one science) and manual review of reference lists in identified articles. An initial screening of title and abstract by two independent reviewers followed by full text review resulted in the identification of 29 primary source (research) studies. A critical methodological deficiency, serious enough to make the study too problematic to provide useful evidence, was identified in two of the studies. Most (n = 22) conducted analyses limited to practitioners (n = 17), forensic science trainees (n = 2), or both forensic science practitioners and students (n = 3); other analyses were based on university student or general population participants. Latent fingerprint analysis was examined in 11 studies, with 1–3 other studies found in 13 other disciplines or domains. This set of studies provides a robust database, with evidence of the influence of confirmation bias on analysts conclusions, specifically among the studies with practitioners or trainees presented with case-specific information about the “suspect” or crime scenario (in 9 of 11 studies examining this question), procedures regarding use of exemplar(s) (in 4 of 4 studies), or knowledge of a previous decision (in 4 of 4 studies). The available research supports the idea of susceptibility of forensic science practitioners to various types of confirmation bias and of the potential value of procedures designed to reduce access to unnecessary information and control the order of providing relevant information, use of multiple comparison samples rather than a single suspect exemplar, and replication of results by analysts blinded to previous results.
About the Webmaster
The SWAFS Webmaster is responsible for maintaining and updating this website. While this article may have been posted by the Webmaster, it may have been written by another source. Articles may be forwarded for publication by any member of the board of directors.
You also might be interested in
Please see the proposed revisions as detailed below: https://swafs.us/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Proposed-SWAFS-CBL-2021-1.doc A[...]
Purpose of the Project The purpose of this study was to assess NGS applications for use in forensic DNA laboratories across the United States. The study included participation from key forensic DNA laboratories representing city, county, state, federal, academic, and research institutions with collaboration, education and validation of NGS technology as primary objectives. The result […]
The American Board of Criminalistics, which offers certification for several[...]